Disclaimer: The guidelines in this manual were developed from the best available research evidence identified through systematic literature review. While the information and recommendations provided are believed to be true and accurate at the time of publication, the authors/IHTC have no legal responsibility for the contents and use of the information.

For issues related to any specific patient’s care, medical care providers are advised to seek further required information from the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) CHEST Supplement guidelines or other sources of published data.